It is commonly said to be located at the southern tip of India (which supports theories of Kannon’s Indian origin). In Japan, Kannon’s paradise is known as Fudarakusen.
Veneration of Kannon in Japan began in the late 6th century, soon after Buddhism reached Japan by way of Korea and China. Kannon’s origins are unclear, but most scholars agree that Kannon worship began in India around the 1st or 2nd century AD and then spread to Southeast Asia, China, Korea, and most other Asian nations. Kannon personifies compassion and is one of the most widely worshipped divinities in Asia and Japan in both ancient and modern times. Kannon worship remains non-denominational and widespread. One of Asia’s and Japan’s most beloved deities. Represented in Artwork as Male or Female.Īssists People in Distress in Earthly Realm
One Who is Sensitive to the Sufferings of the WorldĬries of the DistressedProtector of the AfflictedĬomes in Many Forms, Many Manifestations. The Kannon Notebook is an ongoing project aimed at scholars, art historians, practitioners, and laity alike. It features nearly 130 photos, copious reference notes, spellings in multiple Asian languages, and a handy A-to-Z List of Kannon Forms. 
TheJapaneseHorror.This report catalogs over 100 forms of Kannon in Japan. Information on The Kaidan Suite, a musical interpretation of kaidan by the Kitsune Ensemble. Asian Folklore Studies: The Appeal of Kaidan Tales of the Strange. Hearn's Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things. Japanese Ghosts Mangajin #40 by Tim Screech. Tales of Ghostly Japan Japanzine By Zack Davisson. Ghoul Power - Onryou in the Movies Archived at the Wayback Machine Japanzine By Jon Wilks. In Japanese religion, water is a pathway to the underworld as can be seen in the festival of Obon. Kaidan also frequently involve water as a ghostly element. This motif is repeated in the film Ring with a videotape that kills all who watch it, and the film franchise Ju-on with a house that kills all who enter it. This untargeted wrath can be seen in Furisode, a story in Hearn's book In Ghostly Japan about a cursed kimono that kills everyone who wears it. This vengeance is usually specifically targeted against the tormentor, but can sometimes be a general hatred toward all living humans. Japanese vengeful ghosts ( Onryō) are far more powerful after death than they were in life, and are often people who were particularly powerless in life, such as women and servants. Originally based on didactic Buddhist tales, kaidan often involve elements of karma, and especially ghostly vengeance for misdeeds. When film director Masaki Kobayashi made his anthology film Kwaidan (1964) from Hearn's translated tales, the old spelling was used in the English title. The revised Hepburn romanization system is spelled kaidan. The spelling kwaidan is a romanization based on an archaic spelling of the word in kana - Hearn used it since the stories in the book were equally archaic. The word was popularised in English by Lafcadio Hearn in his book Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things. Ugetsu Monogatari ( Tales of Moonlight and Rain) by Ueda Akinari (1776)īackground of the romanized translation. Otogi Boko ( Handpuppets) by Asai Ryoi (1666). Tonoigusa, called Otogi Monogatari ( Nursery Tales) by Ogita Ansei (1660). Kaidanshu were originally based on older Buddhist stories of a didactic nature, although the moral lessons soon gave way to the demand for strange and gruesome stories. This game led to a demand for ghost stories and folktales to be gathered from all parts of Japan and China.The popularity of the game, as well as the acquisition of a printing press, led to the creation of a literary genre called kaidanshu. Kaidan entered the vernacular during the Edo period, when a parlour game called Hyakumonogatari Kaidankai became popular. Mimi-nashi Hōichi ( Hōichi the Earless). Botan Dōrō ( The Peony Lantern) by Asai Ryoi. Yotsuya Kaidan ( Ghost Story of Tōkaidō Yotsuya) by Tsuruya Nanboku IV (1755–1829). Banchō Sarayashiki ( The Story of Okiku) by Okamoto Kido. Kaidan is only used if the author/director wishes to specifically bring an old-fashioned air into the story. The term is no longer as widely used in Japanese as it once was: Japanese horror books and films such as Ju-on and Ring would more likely be labeled by the katakana horā ( ホラー, "horror"). In its broadest sense, kaidan refers to any ghost story or horror story, but it has an old-fashioned ring to it that carries the connotation of Edo period Japanese folktales. 3 Background of the romanized translation. 2 Hyakumonogatari Kaidankai and kaidanshu.
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